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Education in Poland
:''This article is about education in modern Poland. See Education in Poland (disambiguation) for other periods in Polish history''
Compulsory education in Poland starts at the age of five or six, per the Reforms of 1999, from the "0" class kindergarten (Polish ''przedszkole'', literally pre-school) and, from six-to-seven years of age, for the 1st grade of primary school (Polish ''szkoła podstawowa''). Compulsory education lasts 9 years. After the first 6 years of primary education, pupils join the gymnasium for 3 years (lower secondary education) and at the end, take another compulsory exam.
Polish Ministry of Education established by King Stanisław August Poniatowski in 1773 was the first ministry of education in the world,〔Norman Davies, ''God's Playground: A History of Poland'', Columbia University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-231-12819-3, (Google Print, p.167 )〕 and the traditions continue. The international PISA 2012 praised the progresses made by Polish education in Mathematics, Science and Literacy; the number of top-performers having increased since 2003 while the number of low-performers decreased again. In 2014, the Pearson/Economist Intelligence Unit rated Polish education as 4th best in Europe and 10th best in the world.〔(Top 20 Education Systems ) BBC. ''Source:'' Pearson/Economist Intelligence Unit.〕
There are several alternatives for the upper secondary education later on, the most common being the three years of a ''liceum'' or four years in a ''technikum''. Both end with a maturity exam (matura, quite similar to French baccalauréat), and may be followed by several forms of upper education, leading to Bachelor: ''licencjat'' or ''inżynier'' (the Polish Bologna Process first cycle qualification), Master: ''magister'' (the Polish Bologna Process second cycle qualification) and eventually PhD: ''doktor'' (the Polish Bologna Process third cycle qualification). The system of education in Poland allows for 22 years of continuous, uninterrupted schooling.〔
==Compulsory education==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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